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Historical Background
The Iranian Plateau is the cradle of one of the oldest
civilizations in Asia. We have clear evidence that this
plateau has been inhabited by different people since
antiquity though the exact date is not yet clear. The Aryans
started dueling in the Iranian plateau since 2nd millennium
B.C. and Achaemenids dynasty established the first Great
Iranian Empire in 330 B.C. Then various dynasties including
Seleucids, Parthians, Sasanians, Omavids, Abbasids,
Saffarids, Samanians Buyids, Ghaznavids, Seljuqs,
Khwarezm-shahs, Il-Khans, Mozafarians, Timurids, Turkmen,
Safarids, Afsharis, Qajars and Pahlavi ruled over Iran.
Bahman 1357 (Feb. 1979) witnessed collapse of 2500 years of
royal rule over Iran through the Iranian revolution led by
Ayatollah (Imam) Khomeini which resulted in the
establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran.
Natural Geography
Iran is located at the heart of the Middle-East and bridges
the Caspian Sea to the Persian Gulf and the east of Asia to
the west of Asia. Iran has complex climate ranging from
subtropical to subpolar and at the same time you may witness
all four seasons in the different parts of its territory.
Area: 1648195 square Km (the 17th in the world)
Climate: Semi-arid with average 250mm rainfall per year.
Location: In the Middle-East, West Asia.
Neighboring Countries: Turkmenistan, Azerbaidzhan,
Armenia, Russia, Kazakhstan (along the Caspian Sea Coast)
Oman, United Arab Emirates, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait (along the
Gulf of Oman and the Persian Gulf), Turkey, Iraq, Pakistan
and Afghanistan.
Number of Provinces: 30
Cities: 982
Villages: 68122
The length of common borders with neighboring countries:
8731km
The length of coastal borders: 2700km
Population and Human Forces
Given the fact that the youth comprises majority of the
population in Iran, preparing the ground to enjoy their
capabilities through their active participation in various
areas and attending to their problems are of paramount
importance.
Total population: 67.47 million
Urban population: 44.77 million
Rural population: 22.70 million
Distribution of population: %41.6
Population growth rate: %1.4
Unemployment rate: %12.6
Active population: 21.6 million
Number of government employees: 2.293 million
Main official religion: Shia Ithna-Ashari (Religion of
about %99.56)
Other religions, officially recognized by the government:
Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christianity,
Official language: Persian (Farsi)
Calligraphy: Persian alphabet comprising 32 letters.
Calendar: Hejira (immigration) of Prophet Mohammed (peace
be upon His Soul) Computed according to solar calendar.
Government
After the collapse of Pahlavi dynasty in Bahman 1357 (Feb
1979) people of Iran unanimously (%99.8) voted for the
establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran during a
referendum held for the establishment of a new political
system in Iran.
Type of the government: Islamic Republic
Date of the establishment of the Islamic Republic of Iran:
Bahman 22nd 1357 (Feb 1979).
Structure: The supreme leader is at the head of all
judicial, executive and legislative branches and the
president is at the head of the executive branch. It is to
be noted the at all three executive, judicial and
legislative branches are independent from each other. The
president is at the head of the executive branch and is
elected by direct popular vote for a four year term. The
executive branch consists of 21 Ministries as well as a
number of organizations and institutions which function
under direct supervision of deputies of the president.
Legislative branch: Unicameral Islamic Consultative
Assembly or Majles-e-Shura-ye-Islamic has 290 deputies who
are elected by popular vote to serve four-year terms. The
Speaker of the Assembly is elected annually by the deputies.
Judicial branch: The Head of the judicial branch is
appointed by the supreme leader to serve a five-year term.
Expediency council: The Expediency Council consists of 34
members in addition to all members of the Expert Assembly.
Expert assembly: The Expert Assembly comprises 12 members
(6 competent jurisprudents appointed by the Supreme Leader
and 6 jurists proposed by the Head of the Judicial Branch
and elected by the Islamic Consultative Assembly).
Economic Indexes
Currency: Rial
Annual budget: 968000 billion Rials
Liquidity: 418000 billion Rials
Industrial production growth rate: %7.4
Imports: 28.795 million US$
Imports-main commodities: Heavy machineries, food stuffs
and animal products, chemical products, and electronic and
electric
products.
Exports: 33.788 million US$
Export-Main Commodities: Oil, gas, agricultural products,
carpets, khaviar, pistachio, iron, steel, engineering and
technical machineries as well as machinaries used in the
service sector.
Income per capita: 12335000 Rials (about 1600 US$)
Main trade partners: Emirate, Germany, Italy, Japan, Great
Britain, South Korea,Turkey and India
Exporting Institutions 6300
Foreign debt: 12100 billion US$
Foreign exchange reserve: 9.527 billion US$
Inflation rate: %14
Indexes of the Agricultural Sector
Lands under cultivation: 14.4 million Hectares
Agricultural & animal production: Wheat more than 13.5
million tons
Barley: 3.085 million tons
Rice: 2.888 million tons
Corn: 2 million tons
Meat: 785000 tons
Poultry: 1500000 tons
Milk: 6.720 million tons
Sugar: 1350000 tons
Green carpet: 14.22 million hectares
Grazing and: 90 million hectare
Indexes of the Industry & Mine Sector
The share of this sector in GDP: %11
Main industries: Oil & gas, petrochemicals, steel, textile
and automobile-manufacturing
Main handicrafts: Carpet, glim, pottery, inlaid works,
Number of the employed people: 55560
Number of automobile manufacturing factories output:
837195
Steel production: 10 million tons
Concrete production: 29.299 million tons
Most important mines: Coat, metallic minerals, salt,
chemical mines, stones
Value added of mineral products: 4618050 million Rials
Number of mines under exploitation: 2886
Number of mines in governmental sector: 343
Number of mines in the private sector: 2543
Energy
Given the fact that energy is the main factor for the
progress and development of every country the Government of
the Islamic Republic has made many efforts regarding this
sector.
Electricity is an infrastructural sector which is vital for
the development of industries and social life in every
country. This sector is of paramount importance in the
progress and economic development and as a mother industry
is considered as the main impetus for the growth and
infrastructural activities in the economic sector.
Total oil and gas reserves: 130.80 billion barrels
Oil production capacity: 1.533 billion barrels per year
Direct crude oil export: 932 million barrels per year
Number of oil refineries: 9
Iranian gas reserves: 26.75 Trillion cubic meter
Capacity of liquefied gas production: 139.6 million cubic
meter per day
Oil and gas export: 26.573 billion US$ per year
Number of gas network Subscribers: 5.7 million
Number of cities enjoying gas pipeline: 614
Length of urban gas pipe lines: 79000 Km
Petrochemical production: 13.1 million tons per year
Electricity Production: 164.5 Million kwh
Number of villages enjoying electricity: 49000
Number of electricity subscribers: 18.8 million
Number of dams (soil & concrete): 157 (13 before
revolution, 144 after revolution)
Number of dams under construction: 84
Rank in dam construction: Third place after China and
Turkey
Number of subscribers to the urban water pipe lines: 9.240
million
Number of cities enjoying potable water pipe lines: 760
Commercial Sector Total trade exchange: 209000 billion
Rials
Imports: 26.151 billion US$
Non-oil export: 5.5 billion US$
Number of free-trade & industrial zones: 6
Number of special economic areas: 16
Local investment in free zones: 4636 billion Rials
Average investment growth; %31
Number of foreign invested projects:159
Total foreign investment since the victory of the
revolutions: 8,223,755,000 US$
Post & Telecommunication
Number of fixed telephone lines: more than 21 million
Cell phones lines: 5.08 million
Villages enjoying telephone lines: 43800
Cities enjoying cell phone network: 771
Postal parcels: 414 million per year
Internet users: 5.5 million
Road & Transportation
Length of roads: 80720 km
- Length of high ways: 26579 km
- Railways: 7584 km
- Main roads: 25863 km
- By roads: 37363 km
Number of railways passengers: 17.397 million per year
Number of airways passengers: 11.891 million per year
Number of roadways passengers: 217.7 million per year
Number of airports: 53
Indexes of cultural and Educational Sector
Total number of students: 15.335 million
Number of students at primary level: 6.29 million
Number of students at secondary level: 4.371 million
Number of students at high schools: 4.772 million
Number of especial students: 72000
Number of private schools: 9414
Total Number of students of universities: 2117000
Number of students in public universities: 888889
Number of students in Azad universities: 1022018
Number of students at pre-bachelor level: 487800
Number of students in bachelor level: 1322869
Number of students at master level: 76588
Number of students at Phd level and above: 58674
Literacy, age of 6 and over: %85.81
Press
Total number of printed press: 2871
Number of licensed newspapers: 196
Number of printing newspapers: 119
Number of locally printing newspapers: 17
Number of English language newspapers: 4
Number of Arabic language newspapers: 2
Number of Armenian language newspapers: 1
Number of the newspapers published for the blind. 1
Other Statistics
Total number of TV networks: 42
Number o provincial TV networks: 30
Number of nation-wide TV networks: 6
Number of international TV network: 4
Number of radio networks: 8
Number of cinemas in use: 268
Number of vinema-goers: 17.809 million
Number of movies produced: 94
Number of public libraries: 1.580
Number of printed book titles: 40.930
Circulation of printed books: 153.753.000
Number of representative of foreign news agencies or press
in Iran: 80
Foreign tourists: 1.585.000
Number of people insured with Social Security Insurance:
7.16 million
Number of people insured with the Health Care Insurance:
32800000
Percentage of the insured: %90
Womens Affairs
Female population: 33 million
Proportion of female population to the employed
population: %49
Proportion of female teacher to the total number of
teachers: %50.5
Proportion of female students to the total number of
Students: %50
Female students entered the universities: %64
Total number of female students at universities: 435635
Number of female employees in public sector: 710233 (%22)
Proportion of the number of female employees in the public
sector: %9.4
Womens NGOs: 139
Number of female deputies in the Islamic Consultative
Assembly: 12
Proportion of the number of female deputies to the total
number of deputies in the Assembly: %4
Number of sports women covered by the associations for
womens sports: Around 1 million
Health & Treatment
Number of hospitals: 738
Number of hospital beds: 203000
Hospital bed distributor: 1 bed for 592 people
Number of heath and treatment centers: 7345
Number of health houses: 16023
Number of emergency centers: 438
Number of factories producing medicines: 122
Life expectancy at birth: 70 year
Sources:
- Extracts from the Economic Developments of 1383-Central
Bank of the Islamic Republic of Ian and Internet Site:
www.cbi.ir
- Report on the 25 years function of the Islamic Republic of
Iran (1381-1356)
- Iranian Statistics Centers Internet Site : www.sci.or.ir
- Press from statistical Point of View (3). 1384
- Report on the annual function from different
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